Basic Thermodynamics

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THERMODYNAMICS

Combination of two greek word Therme(Heat) and Dynamis(Power)


Thermodynamic System :-

Thermodynamic system is defined as Quantity of matter or a region in space on which our study is focused.

THERMO-D SYSTEM

1. Closed System 

2. Open System 

3. Isolated System

SURROUNDING

Anything that is external to system that is known as Surrounding.

BOUNDARY

A real or imaginary surface which separate system and Surrounding that surface known as Boundary.

☀ Mathematically boundary has not thickness.

☀ The volume of boundary its self is zero.

☀ Boundary could be fixed or imaginary.

CLOSED SYSTEM

☀ Closed System is nothing but a control mass.  

Mass can not cross system boundary But Energy can cross the system boundary.

OPEN SYSTEM

☀ Mass as well as energy interaction. 

Mass and Energy both can transfer or cross the system boundary.


ISOLATED SYSTEM

There is no mass and energy transfer across the boundary.

PROCESS

Continuous change of state.

⓵ Reversible Process 

👉 A Reversible process In one which can be taken from its initial State to another state and then back to the initial state without any Change to either system, Surrounding and Path.

⓶ Irreversible Process

 👉 An Irreversible Process is a process that Cannot return both the system and the Surrounding to their Original Condition.

☀ Irreversible process always shown in doted line.

PROPERTY

⓵ Intensive Property

👉 Independent of Mass

 Example - Pressure and Temperature

⓶ Extensive Property

👉 Dependent of Mass

Example - Volume and Energy

PHASE

Quantity of matter homogeneous through-Out in Chemical Composition and Physical Structure is Called Phase.

QUASISTATIC PROCESS

Quasistatic Process is a very slow thermodynamic process for which all intermediate States are an equilibrium state.


ENERGY

Energy is defined as capacity to do work.

POWER

Power is nothing but rate of doing work.

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